The Nobel Prize is a set of international awards bestowed every year by the Swedish and Norwegian institutions in fields of academics, culture and scientific advances. The Nobel Prize is based on a donation received by the Nobel Foundation in 1968 from the Sveriges Riksbank, which is the central bank of Sweden.On 27th November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will and testament, giving the largest share of his fortune to a series of prizes in Chemistry, Physics , Medicine and Literature. These prizes were thus, called the Nobel Prizes . In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank established the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.
Since its inception in 1901, 923 Laureates and 27 Organisations have been awarded the Nobel Prize.There have been 49 such instances in past when the Nobel Prizes were not awarded, most of the time during the First World War(1914-1918) and Second World War(1939-1945). In the statutes of the Nobel Foundation it says, “ If none of the works under consideration is found to be of importance indicated in the first paragraph, the prize money shall be reserved until the following year. If, even then , the prize cannot be awarded , the amount shall be added to the Foundation’s restricted funds.” The Nobel Foundation has declared the complete list of winners for 2019.This year 15 stalwarts would receive the highest honour on December 10 for their contributions in the field of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature, economics and peace. The prize winners of physics, chemistry, literature and economy would receive their prize in Stockholm, while the Nobel Peace Prize will be given at Oslo, Norway.
The list of Nobel Laureates 2019 as follows;
The Nobel Prize in Physics: Canadian American cosmologist James Peebles , “for theortical discoveries in physical cosmology,’’ and Michel Mayor and Didier Quelor , “for the discovery of an exoplanet
orbiting a solar –type star.”
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: John B. Goodenough , Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino, “ for developing the lithium ion batteries.”
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: William G. Kaelin Jr and Gregg L. Semenza of the US and Britain’s Peter Ratcliffe would be sharing this award , “for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability.”
The Nobel Prize in Literature: Austrian novelist , Peter Handke , “for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience.”
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel: Indian origin Abhijit Banerjee, his wife Esther Duflo and Michael Kremer, “for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty.”
The Nobel Peace Prize: Ethopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Ali, “for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea.”
By- Prachi Verma